Example: The Raven, by Edgar Allan Poe
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered,
weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and
curious volume of forgotten lore—
While
I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently
rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
“’Tis some visitor,” I
muttered, “tapping at my chamber door—
Only
this and nothing more.”
Text Evidence Literary/Rhet.
Device Analysis
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Weak and Weary; Nodded, nearly napping
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Alliteration,
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The repetition of the first sounds adds to the rhythm of the
poem, while the words themselves speak of fatigue and weakness, showing that
the narrator was exhausted and perhaps not in his right mind.
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Dreary, weary, napping, tapping, rapping
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Internal Rhyme, Onomatopoeia, Imagery
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Again, this adds to the rhythm and flow of the poem, but some
of the words take on the actual sound of the actions, giving the reader the
ability to hear what the narrator heard, placing them in the story.
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“Tis’ some visitor, I muttered …” Only this and nothing more.”
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Specific word choice: Diction and internal dialogue,
Foreshadowing
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This phrase portrays an internal conversation the narrator is
having with himself. “Muttering” makes it seem as though he is talking in a
hushed voice, which gives a creepy feel, and he is trying to reassure himself
that nothing more is going on. This hints that, actually, there is something
more happening.
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Rewrite of stanza 1:
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Once upon a time on a dark and spooky night,
I read a long lost story that gave me such a fright
Then all of a sudden, I heard knocking, oh so very light
Soft and gentle, the sound did travel, with nobody in sight
Just some visitor, no need to worry
It’s nothing at all, no need to hurry
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